Unit 4 YOUTH AND SOCIETY lesson 7 BRYU

 

 

The Belarusian Republican Youth Union (BRSM) is a youth organization in Belarus. Its goals are to promote patriotism and to instill moral values into the youth of Belarus, to unite patriotically thinking young people for active participation in the construction of a society of social justice and progress using activities such as camping, sporting events and visiting memorials. The organization was created after a merger of other youth groups in 2002 and is the successor of the Leninist Communist Youth League of the Byelorussian SSR. The BRSM is the largest youth group in Belarus and is supported by the Belarusian government.

The main objectives of the organization are as follows:

-          to express, defend and realize the rights and legal interests of its members;

-          to form the world outlook, based on moral and spiritual, as well as Christian, values;

-          to foster patriotism as the main spiritual and social value;

-          to express devotion to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, to the country, its people and its state symbols;

-     to give assistance to every member of the organization in his spiritual, intellectual and physical development and in realization of his abilities and creative potential;

      -     to take part in preparation of young people for the defense of their motherland.

The Belarusian Republican Youth Union and its members accomplish their goals and objectives in the following activities:

- they participate in formation of youth policy and put it into practice;

- they support the initiatives of the youth, directed at self-perfection and all-round development of their individual   abilities;

- they help young people to become integrated members of society;

- they elaborate and accomplish different educational, social and other youth programs which do not contradict the   present legislation of the republic of Belarus;

- they render assistance in finding employment;

- they promote international youth co-operation;

- they attract the attention of the mass media and the bodies of state power to the problems and initiatives of the youth;

- they organize conferences, meetings, lectures, exhibitions, concerts for young people; etc.

CREATION

The BRSM was created on 6 September 2002, after the merger of two Belarusian youth organizations, the Belarusian Youth Union and the Belarusian Patriotic Youth Union. The Belarusian Youth Union had been considered the legal successor of Leninist Communist Youth Union of Belarus (the Komsomol branch in the Byelorussian SSR), the Belarusian Patriotic Youth Union had been created in 1997.

ORGANIZATION

The BRSM national headquarters is located in Minsk, the national capital of Belarus. Each voblast of Belarus—Minsk, Brest, Vitsebsk, Homiel, Grodno and Mogilev—has its own branches of the BRSM. The BRSM has estimated that it has 6803 branches located inside Belarus.

The national leadership of the BRSM is controlled by the central committee, which is headed by the first secretary of the central committee. Below the first secretary are the second secretary of the central committee, the chairman of the central investigation commission, and three secretaries of the central committee. Collectively, these leaders are also referred to as the secretariat of the BRSM.

While the exact yearly and total funding of the BRSM are not known, the majority of funds given to the BRSM are given by the national government.

SYMBOLS

The BRSM has two official symbols: an emblem and a flag. The emblem, which is based on the Komsomol badge and modeled on the Belarusian national flag, has a red bar bearing the initials of the BRSM, written in gold in Cyrillic, over a green bar bearing a golden olive branch.

The flag of the BRSM has the same elements as the emblem, but the reverse of the flag bears the organization's full name in gold (in Russian) in the red section, with the green section unemblazoned.

MEMBERSHIP

In order to join the BRSM, the applicant must be between the ages of 14 and 31 and must send a photo of himself or herself. If the applicant is between the ages of 14 and 16 written permission from a parent or legal guardian must be granted. A count in 2003 by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting showed that the BRSM had roughly 120,000 members.

A person must also pay a one-time fee of 1,400 Belarusian rubles (around US$0.65) and a mid-year fee to continue membership in the BRSM. The total amount of the fee is adjusted based on the person's working and living status, and fee waivers are granted for children who are orphaned or disabled. Members of the BRSM have certain rights and duties and they can leave the organization at their own free will.

ACTIVITIES

Most of the BRSM's activities are similar to those that were performed by the Soviet Komsomol. The main activities of the BRSM involve the promotion of Belarusian patriotism. This is accomplished by participating in wreath-laying ceremonies at various memorials around the country. BRSM members also pass out flowers to veterans of the Great Patriotic War (World War II) to honor their service during the national holiday Den Pobedy (Day of Victory). Both the memorial visits and the flowers for the veterans give BRSM members an idea of what sacrifices their ancestors made. During other national holidays, the BRSM passes out a ribbon that resembles the national flag of Belarus, to be worn on a shirt or jacket. This program, along with other events, is part of its "For Belarus!" (Russian: За Беларусь!) campaign.

The BRSM participates in outdoor activities and sports, including football, running, swimming and hockey. Some of these athletic events involve different groups from inside Belarus or from neighboring countries, such as Russia, Ukraine or Latvia. BRSM members also participate in competitions amongst themselves or with other foreign groups that are similar to the BRSM.

Social events, such as concerts for the youth of Belarus, are hosted by the BRSM The BRSM was one of the main organizers of the 2004 "Miss Belarus" pageant, a beauty competition along the same lines as Miss America and Miss Universe. While the BRSM does not get involved in politics, it’s the first secretary, Mikhail Orda, signed a letter along with other public officials denouncing the United States' Belarus Democracy Act of 2004.

BRSM organizes student construction brigades, a practice also originated in the Soviet Union.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

International cooperation is among the objectives of youth policy in our country as well. The existing agreements are aimed at establishing and developing relations with youth organizations of other countries, inclu­ding the CIS states. Our young people attend various forums and confe­rences at which they debate and exchange opinions on youth problems in different countries. Youth international contacts are important and we all understand that the future of our planet is with the young and we lay our best hopes on them.

Grammar The verbs that do not form the Continuous tenses

 

ГЛАГОЛЫ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ

• to wish – желать
• to desire – желать
• to want – хотеть
• to envy – завидовать
• to hate – ненавидеть
• to like – нравиться
• to love – любить
• to prefer – предпочитать
• to fear – бояться
• to need – нуждаться
• to satisfy – удовлетворять
• to seem – казаться

ГЛАГОЛЫ МЫСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

• to believe – верить
• to deny – отрицать
• to doubt – сомневаться
• to expect – полагать
• to forget – забывать
• to know – знать
• to recognize – узнавать
• to remember – помнить
• to respect – уважать
• to suppose – предполагать
• to think* – считать,полагать
• to understand – понимать

ГЛАГОЛЫ ОЩУЩЕНИЯ

• to hear* – слышать
• to see* – видеть
• to taste* – иметь вкус
• to smell* – пахнуть
• to feel* – ощущать

ГЛАГОЛЫ ОБЛАДАНИЯ, ОТНОШЕНИЯ

• to be* – быть
• to consist – состоять
• to belong – принадлежать
• to contain – содержать
• to have* – иметь
• to include – заключать в себе
• to possess – обладать
• to own – владеть

Внимание! могут употребляться в форме Continuous, но только с изменением значения.

 Они выражают не состояние, а действие. 

Глаголы употребленные в форме Simple	Глаголы употребленные в форме Continuous
to think – считать, полагать	to think – думать, размышлять
to hear – слышать	to hear – слушать, выслушивать
to see – видеть	to see – смотреть, встречаться
to taste – иметь вкус	to taste – пробовать на вкус
to smell – пахнуть	to smell – нюхать
to feel-ощущать	to feel – трогать, щупать
to be – быть	to be – (употребляется в Continuous с существительными и прилагательными, показывая временное действие, которое происходит в данный момент)
to have – иметь	to have – употребляется в Continuous с некоторыми существительными и образует одно действие: to have a shower/bath – принимать душ/ванну to have a rest – отдыхать to have fun – веселиться to have breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper – завтракать/обедать/ужинать

Примеры:I think he is a good person. – Я думаю, что он хороший человек (мое мнение).
I am thinking about my next exam all the time. – Я думаю о своем следующем экзамене все время (мыслительная деятельность).
I have an expensive car. – У меня (есть) дорогая машина.
I am having a rest just now. – Я сейчас отдыхаю.

Unit 3 friend and friendship

 

 

About friends and friendship

One of the most valuable things in life is friendship. It is extremely important for people to have someone, who they can trust. It isn’t difficult to find friends, but not everyone can stay for a lifelong period. Those, who stay, become the closest people for us. Usually people meet, get acquainted, communicate and as a result become friends. However, only time can show, whether the friendship is strong or not.

For me friendship is not only communication, but support, understanding and sympathy. If your friends are real, they never call you names, never fall out with you, they never leave you in trouble, they always listen to your problems and try to help when needed.They are there for you. You can share secrets with real friends and you get on really well with them.

I have lots of good friends, but two of them are the best. Their names are Lana and Rita. I can always rely on them and share my thoughts with them. We spend lots of time together. I simply can’t imagine life without these people. They make my life brighter and more interesting. Sometimes we go to the cinema. For me they are a part of my family. I fully trust them and I know that they would do anything for me. 

I know that it’s not easy to find a real friendship. I have met lots of false friends as well. So, now I try to appreciate the relations I have with my true friends.

Unit 3 Lessson 3 How to prepare children for life

 Advice from a parent

In my opinion, our school system is based on the belief that the world will remain the same. However, the world will hardly remain the same – it is constantly changing! How can our kids prepare for the unknown and unpredictable world? By learning to adapt, to deal with change, to be prepared for anything. Here is a list of skills kids should learn that will best prepare them for any world of the future. 

 No 1 is asking questions. We, as adults, should not object to our kids asking questions, we should encourage them to do so.

  No 2: Solving problems. If a child can solve problems, they can do any job. It is hard work to keep from helping your child to solve their own problems. However, they have to learn not to give up trying, and keep on working hard, until they are confident enough in their problem-solving abilities.

  No 3: Tackling projects. Our life is a series of projects – small and large: finishing school, writing a book or preparing a video for YouTube. If your child gets used to tackling projects, self-education might become one more exciting project for them. 

 No 4 is finding passion. When you feel like doing something, you put all your energy into it. If you get so excited that you can’t stop thinking about something, you’ll definitely complete this project. 

 No 5: Independence. Children should learn to be independent. Parents should only suggest doing something and gently encourage children to do things on their own. Once children learn to be independent, they learn that they don’t need anyone to tell them what to do, how to improve themselves. 

 No 6. Being happy on their own. Our children should not rely on their parents for achieving happiness. If they do, they won’t know how to be happy on their own. They will have to rely on their friends then, or think of other things that can make them happy like shopping, food, video games or the Internet. To prevent them from doing so, we should encourage them to learn from an early age to be happy by themselves, playing, reading and imagining. As someone said, ”Do not educate your children to be rich. Educate them to be happy and they will know the value of things, not the price of things.”

  No 7 is being compassionate. We need this skill to work well with other people, to be happy by making others happy. Be compassionate to people and your child will learn how to be a good person, how to make others happier with little kindnesses. 

 No 8. Being tolerant is also a very important skill. We usually grow up where people are mostly alike, at least in appearance, and when we meet people who are different, it can be uncomfortable or even shocking. Show your kids that it is OK to be different. Encourage your kids to develop into tolerant individuals. What goes around, comes around. 

 No 9 is dealing with change. Teach your children to be flexible. If we prepare our children to adapt to anything, our kids will thank us for teaching them the right thing.

Topic Shopping

 

Shopping

I am going to tell you a few things about shopping. Many people enjoy going shopping. They enjoy window-shopping, trying on clothes, spending hours walking around shopping malls.
On the other hand, some people hate shopping, they can't stand crowds and they don’t like to wait in queues.
When you go shopping you should make a shopping list, because shop owners use different tricks to make you spend your money.
There are lots of big and small shops in my town. We can buy goods at department stores, shopping centers, newsagent’s, supermarkets, chemist’s, bookshops, food stores and markets.
We usually buy products at the nearest supermarket. It takes us 10 minutes to walk there. My mum often makes a shopping list. I like going to supermarkets, because they are self-service shops. There is a wide choice of goods under one roof, so we can buy everything we need at once. It is very convenient.
We always go to the bakery department. There are loaves of brown and white bread, rolls, buns and biscuits. They are always fresh and tasty.
My mother and I have a sweet tooth, so we never miss the confectionary department where we take sweets, candies, chocolate bars and so on.
We often go to the greengrocery department where different fruit and vegetables are sold.  But, to tell the truth, in autumn we prefer to buy fruit, berries and vegetables at the market. They are fresh and tasty there.
At the butchery department customers buy meat and poultry, such as beef, pork, mutton and chicken.
At the dairy department we take milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, cheese.
I help my mum to choose the products on the shelves, then push the trolley to the cash desk, where a cashier rings up our purchases. We can pay cash or by credit cards.
Sometimes we go shopping for clothes. I always try things on in the changing room. I don’t want to waste money on something too loose or too tight. The shop assistants always help us find the clothes of my size that fit and suit me. To conclude I’d like to say that I like shopping.

1)  What kinds of shops do you usually go to?

2) How many times a week to you go to the shopping centre?

3) How much money do you usually spend on clothes?

4) Do you prefer to go shopping alone or with your friends and family?

5) What is your favourite department?

6) What was the best thing you ever bought?

7) Do you often regret having bought something?

8) What’s the difference between ‘going shopping’ and ‘doing the shopping’?

9) Can shopping be a real hobby?

10) Do you prefer shopping in malls, markets or streets?

11) What do you think of when you hear the word "shop"?

 

Grammar Conditional II

 

Grammar Conditional III

 

Unit Book Lesson Writer /Grammar

 

Agatha Christie

Who was the “Queen of crime”?

Agatha Christie, of course, the world`s best known mystery writer. Agatha Christie was born in Devon, England on September 15^th, 1890. Agatha Christie  had an American father and British mother. She studied at home. Agatha can read when she was five years old. And a little girl decided to write her own fiction.

In 1914, she married Archibald Christie. They had a daughter. Agatha Christie educated in France.

During the First World War she worked in a red cross hospital. She published her first detective book in 1920. It was “The Mysterious Affair at Styles”. And in 1927  she wrote the second detective book where the main character is a charming old lady. Her name is Miss Marple. Today, people all over the world still read and enjoy her detectives.

On January 12^th, 1976, Agatha Christie died. Agatha Christie is  one of the most famous British of the late 20^th century.

________________________________________________________

Make 5 types of questions:

1. General question

2. Wh- question

3. Or - question

4. Disjunctive question

5. Subject question

UNIT 8 Means of communication Lesson 6 The era of mobile phones

 

The mobile phone

The mobile phone has become the most important way of communication for teens and they often avoid contact with peers that don’t have mobile phones.

Blinkoff and his colleagues studied the behaviour of 144 mobile phone users between the ages of 16 and 40 from several countries and found that teenagers often saw little difference between meeting face to face and talking on the phone.

40% of young adults use their mobile phones during more than four hours a day to talk or send text messages. If they miss a call or a message, it makes them feel “deeply upset and sad”. The main difference between this kind of addiction and alcoholism or drug-addiction is that mobile-addicts can be seriously affected psychologically but, as they don’t show any physical symptoms, others don’t see their problem. In fact, addiction to mobile phones is a part of a greater group – that of addiction to new technologies.

Mobile-addicts forget about important activities (studies), drift apart from friends and close family and think about the mobile phone constantly when they do not have it with them. A huge number of teens use their mobile phones during school. The survey also revealed that on average, teens spend almost as much time on their mobile phones as they spend doing physical activity.

 

Answer the questions:

– Do you have a mobile phone? What can your mobile do?

– Do you prefer meeting people or talking to them on the phone?

– How much time a day do you use your mobile phone?

– What do you mostly use your mobile for: talking, texting, playing video games, other?

– Do you use your mobile during school?

– Do you think you have an addiction to mobile phones?

– Do you use your mobile at night?

– How much time do you spend a day doing physical activity?

– If you had to choose between the mobile phone and the TV, what would you choose?

– If you had to choose between the mobile phone and the Internet, what would you choose?

Unit 8 World of wonders Lesson 4 Question time

 My favourite film is the Harry Potter series. The whole film is based on the book by J.K.Rowling. The series consitsts of seven books of which eight films have been made.

According the main plot Harry Potter is a average boy in Little Whinging in England. He lives with his maternal aunt and uncle and their son because his parents are killed by Lord Voldemort who is the major villain of the wizarding world. Voldemort wants to killed Harry too but this couldn´t succeeded. When Harry load his the 11th birthday, he got a letter from the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry where he can learn the magic. Each film presents one year in Harry´s life. Harry makes two best friends at Hogwarts – Ron and Hermione who are also another main characters of the series. In every filmpart Harry meet with Voldemort who Harry have to to defeat if he not wanted that Voldemort rule the world. It takes a long way to victory. Because Voldemort puts it to the test Harry in every year in Hogwarts. Harry is helped a lot by his friends and teachers during the rehearsals. The first of the eight movies is my favourite whose title is Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. The film was directed by Chris Columbus and this part it most faithfully returns the plot of the book. The composer is John Williams who also wrote the music of Home Alone too. The music, the pictorial world of the film, the scenery are flown me into a real wizarding world. These are fantastic in this film. The leading characters are cute, the roles are suitable for kids. Adults also authentically perform the role entrusted to them. In this part, childlike amazement and honesty are very well displayed.

Unit School Topic

Brittish school

My School

I am going to tell you about my school. My school is new and modern and I like it very much. It has four floors. The classrooms are light and spacious. There are classrooms for different subjects, such as English, History, Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Geography, Biology Literature etc. There are 5 computer classes in our school where we study computer science using modern equipment and the Internet access.

We also have got an assembly hall for concerts and meetings. There are many opportunities to go in for sports in our school. Our school has a gym, a sports ground, a football field, a swimming pool, and other sports facilities. There are many different sports groups: table tennis, swimming, athletics, football, volleyball, gymnastics. Many pupils of our school attend these sports groups.

The teachers in our school are very skilled. They try to give us all their knowledge and awake our interest to their subjects and to self study.

My favourite subject is English. I often get good marks in the lesson. I`m good at answering the questions. I enjoy learning about English - speaking countries. It`s exciting. But the most difficult subject is Math. I`m bad at solving problems, doing sums. I hate solving equations. It`s boring.

I think that school years are very important for every person. So I’ll never forget my school, my teachers, and my classmates.

 

 

Unit Leisure Time Topic

Leisure Time

As we all know, leisure time is one of the most important thing people can't live without. It is a big part of our life, and it actually shows the character and temper of person. I can't imagine a person who doesn't have any hobbies and favorite activities, because it is really impossible. Our hobbies and habits make our lives, filling it up with variety of feelings and emotions. Each person chooses his own way of spending time, either active of passive, and in any case in should be a refreshment and a source of inspiration.

I'd like to notice that there are two main ways of spending free time: the one is to do some physical activities (often outdoors), for example, football, swimming, hockey, skiing; and another way is to enjoy something relaxing at home or in special places: reading, watching TV, knitting, engaging in hand-made. At any rate, hobby is a matter of taste, and everybody should choose it according to the personal preferences.

As for me, I like to pass my leisure time both in active and passive way. I really enjoy reading or watching films, because it's always interesting, helpful and helps to relax, what is especially necessary after a long tiring day. Also I am fond of active sports, swimming, skiing or riding a bike from time to time, when it is possible. Sometimes you feel you need to escape from everyday worries and to do something no thought-provoking. In many cases I can't let me doing anything very extraordinary, so I just go walking over long distances. It really helps to release the tension and refresh the mind.

Here are some variants of activities to choose:

-Just tidy up;

-Try new recipes;

- Decide on making candles, knitting, cross snitching - in one word, create something new you can be proud of;

- Don't let online games dominate in your life;

- Photography, drawing, painting, playing musical instruments are very special activities that you can do as a cure fore boredom;

- Communicate more with other interesting people;

- Read something exiting, encouraging, or anything that will enrich your knowledge;

- Join a health club or gum where you will be able to feel happy and keep fit;

- Go out with your friends;

- Set your aims and keep a diary.

Following these simple advices you will never have a time to think about such problem as boredom.